中国发展生物质能源的战略措施思考

能源连人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要资源。随着中国经济的持续发展，能源与环境对经济发展的制约作用逐渐得到显现．能源问题与环境问题已经成为国家发展的战略性问题。因此发展生物质能是解决中国能源紧张的重要突破口。发展生物质能的战略措施是建立生物质能源的产业体系。即相对于传统产业体系的第二产业体系。具体战略阶段是：2000—2010年实验探讨阶段（初级阶段）；2020—2030年推广应用阶段（发展阶段）：2030年一2050年优化提出阶段（提高阶段）。生物质能源的发展战略有助于“三农”问题的解决即农村小康社舍的建设；有助于减轻环境压力；有助于维护国家能源安全。     

关于“四沿”化工安全的战略性思考与探索

以基本能浓缩中国化工概貌的江苏省沿江、沿河、沿湖、沿海化工企业为背景,依据其形成和发展及基本概况,结合重大化工事故灾难,以安全与环境相耦合,对"四沿"化工安全进行了战略性思考,试图勾画临水化工本质安全的模型,提出在"四沿"地区构建化工本质安全化科技支撑体系的宏观构架,即建设"江苏省四沿区域化工本质安全和化工事故防范及应急系统"的思路、探索与实践。还提出了立法深化研究和技术标准制定、严格区域规划设计与建设的监督、强化监管执法力度等急需关注的问题。以江苏省"四沿"区域的化工安全为背景所提出的思路与对策,应该对整个华东地区乃至全国临水性化工企业安全具有重要的现实和借鉴意义,对我国高危行业的安全生产和环境保护有重大的示范效应。     

森林火灾地面扑救的最佳路线的计算

建立了森林火灾地面扑救方式(直接扑救、间接扑救和平行扑救)的最佳扑救路线的数学模型，设计了模型的计算机数值求解算法。给出了匀速扩张的椭圆形火场的一个算例，从其计算结果中导出的一些实用的结论与以往用解析方法得到的结论是一致的，以此初步验证了模型的有效性。     

湖北水资源现状与可持续利用战略对策

湖北省有十分丰富的过境客水资源,但自产水资源却十分有限,在水资源开发利用中存在许多亟待解决的问题。如地表水污染日趋严重,地下水也存在不容的污染;农业用水占大头,其节水潜力巨大;目前主要是利用地表水,地下水的利用很少;洪涝时时灾害仍然十分严重,并有愈演愈烈的趋势;从长远看,湖北省的水资源问题将主要是污染型短缺的问题;南水北调中线工程将对汉江中下游供水和水质造成不容忽视的影响;在计划体制下形成的水资源     

陇南长江流域经济发展和生态重建战略研究

陇南长江流域大多地处嘉陵江上游的源头地区,是一个资源较为富集但经济相对落后、生态环境脆弱且人口压力较大的丘陵山区。本文从可持续发展的角度出发,着眼世纪之交摆脱贫困与奔向小康转换时期经济发展和生态重建的协调演进,提出产业结构调整的基本思路是立足山区优势发展特色农业,市场配置资源、培植支柱工业,商贸、旅游并举、突出第三产业、强化基础设计、增强发展后劲;空间结构重组的战略构想是重点发展东部经８济重心区、     

中国东海至南大洋航线海洋近地层大气NOx分布特征

为了探究我国东海至南大洋航线海洋近地层大气NO_x的分布特征,于2015年11月-2016年1月,利用中国极地科学考察船"雪龙号"的观测平台,采用Saltzman法对中国东海至南大洋航线海洋近地层大气NO_x日均浓度进行了监测.结果表明,中国东海至南大洋航线海洋近地层大气ρ（NO_x）的变化范围为0.001~0.038 mg/m3,ρ（NO）的变化范围为0.001~0.033 mg/m3,ρ（NO₂）的变化范围为0（未检出）~0.015 mg/m3.中国东海至南大洋航线海洋近地层大气中,NO是NO_x的主要成分.南极圈外海洋近地层大气中NO_x的分布特征显示距离陆地越近,ρ（NO_x）越高,NO₂/NO（二者质量浓度比值）越大,反映出海陆差异及人为污染对海洋近地层大气的影响.远离陆地的南大洋航段ρ（NO_x）显示较低的大洋背景值.南桑威奇群岛的火山活动导致附近海域异常高浓度的NO_x分布,ρ（NO_x）最高值达0.160 mg/m3,ρ（NO）为0.145 mg/m3,ρ（NO₂）为0.015 mg/m3.西风带的阻隔导致该区域NO_x向周围扩散时,难以穿越西风带,向南极大陆边缘扩散的趋势更加强烈,影响大范围南大洋近地层大气NO_x分布.人为活动可能是南极半岛和中山站附近海洋近地层大气高ρ（NO_x）和高NO₂/NO的原因之一.      

Quantitative assessment in safety reports of the consequences from the detonation of solid explosives

Safety reports are mandatory documents in member states of European Union whenever any threshold limits of amounts of either stored or processed hazardous substances are exceeded. After a short introduction to EU Seveso Directives on major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances and to the transposition and implementation by member states, with a brief comment on last 2012/18/EU Directive (also known as Seveso III directive), the paper focuses on drafting of safety reports for industrial activities involving solid explosives. Specifically, the quantitative assessment of consequences from detonation is tackled respect to the side-on overpressure and the debris production. Both direct and inverse problems are illustrated to determine respectively the overpressure value at a given distance, and the explosive amount that allows respecting the regulations. Their solution is based on either analytic or numerical techniques and being based on recent scientific publications on the matter either evaluates or zeroes nonlinear algebraic equations. The availability of these equations avoids grounding the consequences assessment on diagrams and nomograms that otherwise would lead to interpretation and usage errors besides avoiding the automatic solution of the inverse problem. The paper focuses also on details such as embankment, crater, munitions, rocket propellant, building structure, and wall material that, at different levels, play a role in the assessment of detonation consequences. A discussion on debris formation, the available literature, and the evaluation of the impact probability of fragments on both fixed and moving targets closes the paper.     

Strategic Framing of Climate Change by Industry Actors: A Meta-analysis

This study uses framing theory to analyze 38 studies on industry actors' climate change communication between 1990 and 2010. It identifies three consecutive phases, each characterized by one dominant master frame: in the early and mid-1990s the US fossil fuel and coal industry pushed the frame of scientific uncertainty. With the rundown to the Kyoto negotiations in 1997, the strategy shifted toward the socioeconomic consequences of mandatory emission reductions, particularly in the USA and Australia. At the same time, European industry actors started to promote industrial leadership in a climate protection, which today dominates across all the world regions. The study discusses potential triggers for the regional differences as well as the implications for further research.     

Scientific Basis and Technological Path of Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment

Abstract

The study tries to set up a system to extract strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in exploitation of regional development based on the present situation of environmental assessment in China. First, the article summarizes the emphasis and deficiency of international academic community’s SEA research in the past 10 years. Based on this, the article puts forward the concept and evaluation principles of regional strategic environmental assessment (RSEA). Then the article expounds the necessity of carrying out RSEA. After that, the article discusses in detail the process of RSEA, which includes defining evaluation scope, describing regional background, combing strategic behavior, designing development scenarios, predicting the pressure on environment, assessing environmental impact, screening alternatives and proposing regulation and control schemes.